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Fonds Perrone

communisme

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This book is concerned with the mapping of thematic roles, such as agent and patient, onto syntactic cases, such as nominative or ergative, or onto structural relations. It shows that cases and structural relations code different aspects of thematic structure. The thematic determination of the structural relation of an argument is confined to its position in the thematic structure of the predicate. Case mapping is determined by the number of basic thematic concepts involved in this structure. This fact and other facts presented in the book presuppose an approach to thematic roles that decomposes them into more basic concepts involving volitionality, causation, activity, sentience, possession, etc., and motivate the hypothesis that syntactic cases cannot be derived from structural relations in universal grammar. The phenomena pertaining to relational typology that classifies languages into ergative, accusative and active languages are shown to be restricted to case mapping. The specific thematic determination of case mapping and the hierarchical organization of case systems explain not only the existence of these types of mapping, but also the fact that ergative and active phenomena are typically case-based. The book provides a global cross-linguistic perspective, but German data recurrently serve as an illustration of the main theoretical assumptions.

English language --- -English language --- -Case --- Semantics --- Case --- Semasiology --- Case. --- Semantics. --- Grammar [Comparative and general ] --- Syntax --- English language Semantics --- Germanic languages --- English language - Case. --- English language - Semantics.

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Managing resource revenues is a critical policy issue for small open resource-rich countries. This paper uses an open economy dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model to analyze the transmission of resource price shocks and a shock to resource production in the Trinidad and Tobago economy. It also applies alternative fiscal rules to determine the optimal allocation of resource windfalls between spending today and saving in a sovereign wealth fund. The results show that spending all the resource windfall on consumption and investment creates more volatility and amplifies Dutch disease effects, when compared to the case where all the excess revenues are saved. Also, neither a policy of full spending nor full saving of the surplus revenue inflows is optimal if the government is concerned about both household welfare and fiscal stability. In order to minimize deviations from both objectives, the optimal fiscal response suggests that a larger fraction of the resource windfalls should be saved.

Monetary policy. --- Fiscal policy --- Foreign exchange rates --- Exchange rates --- Fixed exchange rates --- Flexible exchange rates --- Floating exchange rates --- Fluctuating exchange rates --- Foreign exchange --- Rates of exchange --- Tax policy --- Taxation --- Economic policy --- Finance, Public --- Monetary management --- Currency boards --- Money supply --- Rates --- Government policy --- Financial Risk Management --- Macroeconomics --- Public Finance --- Fiscal Policy --- Open Economy Macroeconomics --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: Infrastructures --- Other Public Investment and Capital Stock --- Macroeconomics: Consumption --- Saving --- Wealth --- Pension Funds --- Non-bank Financial Institutions --- Financial Instruments --- Institutional Investors --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General --- Public finance & taxation --- Finance --- Consumption --- Public investment spending --- Public investment and public-private partnerships (PPP) --- Sovereign wealth funds --- Expenditure --- National accounts --- Asset and liability management --- Economics --- Public investments --- Public-private sector cooperation --- Expenditures, Public --- Trinidad and Tobago

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